Today our topic of discussion is – Modern Indo-Aryan origin
Modern Indo-Aryan origin
We know there are several languages in Indian sub-continent belonging to different language families, with the major one Indo-Aryan. In Bengali vocabulary the impact found mainly are of two languages from this language family, Hindi and Gujarati, with Hindi predominating.
1. Hindi
2. Gujarati
In this sub-chapter we will be discussing those two languages gradually.
Hindi
The historical background
Belonging to the same language family, Bengali and Hindi are very close to each other. They share similarities along with much dissimilarity. The native speakers of Bengali and Hindi languages have been living together in the Indian sub-continent for a long time. Consequently, some Hindi words entered into Bengali vocabulary.
For instance, /acca/, /ckka/, /kora/, /godi/, /girgiti/, /cappol/ etc.
Linguistic analysis of Hindi loanwords
Phonological analysis
Hindi loanwords which exist in Bengali vocabulary have their own characteristics and nature. While taking as loan, Bengali arranged those according to its own phonological structure. This arrangement occurred in some processes. The processes which mainly responsible for the sound change are
1. Final consonant elision
2. Final vowel insertion
3. Syncope
4. Middle consonant elision
5. Final vowel elision
Processes are explained below-
Final consonant elision: We get this process of sound change in the following example, where a consonant is deleted finally-
Final vowel insertion: In this process a vowel is inserted at the final position of a word.
For instance-
Syncope: Deletion of the vowel sound from the middle of a word is the process named Syncope. This process is also found in the case of Hindi. For instance-
Middle consonant elision: In this case a consonant from the middle of a word is deleted
Such as-
Final vowel clision: We get this process of sound change in the following example, where a vowel sound is deleted finally-
Morphological analysis
Morphological nature and characteristics: From the point of view of nature and characteristics, Bengals language received Hindi words in the form of noun, adjective and conjunction.
Noun: Plenty of noun as one of the grammatical categories came in Bengali from Hindi
Such as-
Semantic analysis
The meaning of Hindi loanwords in Bengali vocabulary retained intact while borrowing in all cases. Since Hindi and Bengali languages share similarities in many cases, the semantic value of Hindi loanwords in Bengali remain the same. For example-
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